Source Water - A flow of water that obtains as its basic source, water from run-off, rain, snow, lot drainage, etc., and can be exacerbated by poor soils. This type of water problem is generally restricted to the top four feet of soil.   This is known as an "external water source".

Ground Water - A flow of water that obtains as its basic source, water from high water tables, springs, etc., and can be exacerbated by  poor soils. This type of water problem can extend from the surface, down past the level of the basement floor.  This is known as an "external water source".

The major cause of wet basements and crawl spaces is the lack of or poor roof and surface water control. Controlling roof water runoff is rather simple and cost effective. Roof water should be dispensing at least 4 feet away from the foundation. The key to proper roof water runoff is having the gutters function properly. Gutters must slope to the downspouts. If the gutters are sagging at any point, they will pound water which will cause them to pull away from the fascia boards. Roof water will then pour out of the gutters not making it to the downspouts and land next to the foundation. This action can cause a water entry problem into a basement or crawl space. Blocked up gutters and downspouts are a major cause of paint failure and decay of fascia, soffits and the roof’s outer edges. When gutters and downspouts become clogged, overflowing water finds its way to joints in fascia and soffits. Gutters should be cleaned in the spring and in the fall. Look for leaks at seams, corners and caps, etc. These can usually be sealed with proper caulk material. Install 4-foot extensions at the end of each downspout.

Signs of water penetration into your home can include dampness, efforescence, mould or mildew or staining on carpets. This signs will help you determine the source of water intrusion.

The next critical issue is controlling surface water. The basic concern for landscaping and grading is to determine whether damage can be caused to the exterior and the foundation. Vegetation and grading should not encourage water to flow toward the foundation. Vegetation should be cut away at least 12-14 inches from the siding of the home. Loose and mulched soil in the flowerbeds should not touch wood siding or cover the top of the foundation.   Leaves and plant debris should be raked away from the home. Under no circumstances should tree limbs or shrubs ever touch the roof shingles. Damage to the roof is certain! Trees too close to the house can lead to roof problems as well as problems for the foundation and sewer lines with messy gutters and falling branches. If trees are too close, they should be trimmed back or removed.

Surface water should drain away from the foundation. A proper slope is 1 inch per foot over 5 or 6 feet from the home. Land with a reverse slope sends excess water toward the foundation which will eventually enter the basement or crawl space.